Typewriting machine



M. C. CRAWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE A TTORNE VS 25, 1922 G Sheets-Sheet I r 1% TOR BY Filed J May 15, 1923.

M. C CRAWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 25, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 l I i' "JUL" mm a I I 1w ENTOR A TTOR NF Y5 Why 15, l 923. 1,455,112

M. C. CRAWLEY TYPEWRI'IING MACHINE Filed July 25, 1922 6 Shets-Sheet 4 41 t5 5 O 5 3 '30 4- W Z49 37 E i151;

2 20 2 ]g g INIENTOR BY mam ATTORNEYS May 15, 1923. 3,455,112

' M. C. CRAWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 25. 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 A TTORNE Y5 May 15, 13923.

M. c. CRAWLEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 25, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 R m E Ma ATTORNEYS lPatented May is, 1923.

- nur' rr IulEiMZ WANT @FFEQCE.

nansrrmn c. CRAWLEY, or escrow, Yonx, as'srenoa '10 apnoea cora- OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

TYPEWBITING MACHINE.

Application filed July 25, 1922. Serial No. 577,362.

T 0 all whom it may concern. j

Be it known that I, MANSFIELD C. CRAW- LEY, a citizenof the United States of-America, and a resident of Groton, county of Tompkins, and State of. New York, have in-' Patent No. 1,156,061, dated October 12,1915,

wherein a continuousl -running, preferably electric, motor is emp oyedfor retracting a curved universal type-bar-actuator after said actuator has been projected forwardly on its working-stroke b means of a spring, automatic devices being provided to latch the actuator in cocked-position and free the mo tor from the retracting devices, and each type-bar bei tion, provide -with a separate coupler or push-bar which is adapted to be raised into the path of the universal actuator by means of its associated key, there being provided also a release device which, at the same time a printing key is operated, is actuated to re'- lease said latchand thus rmit the types bar-actuator to'fiy forwar :on its working-'. stroke. Theipresent invention has for object to generallyimprove the construction andoperation of this mechanism, as more fully hereinafter set forth, but it will be observed by the scope of the appended claims that all the features are not restricted to this type of machine.

n the drawings Fig. 1 is a plan view, part] in section, ofa typewriting machine embo ying my pr ent improvements;

Fig. 2 -'s a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the'same;

Fig. 2 is a view of-details hereinafter describedy Fig, 13' is a transverse sectional view of the machine; r

Fig. 4 is a detail view, partly in section, of the spring arrangement for actuating the type-bar-actuator; i Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views of details of the tensioning device for the spring, of the type-bar-actuator;

Fig. 8 is a erspective view showing some of the details of the type-bar-actuating mechanism; 1

Figs. 9, 10, 11 and12 are'views showing in the preferred o0nstruc-- details of the mechanism for pullingback and latching the type-bar-actuator; Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view showing the type-bar-actuator mechanism at the forward limit of its'movement;

Fig. 14 is a detail of the rebound lock;

' Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig.13 showing what happens when two of the typebars are accidently adjusted into position for actuation by the type-bar-actuator; I

Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are views showing details hereinafter more particularly described.

Referring to the drawings by referencecharacters', 15 designates the type-bars which are of the usual form and pivoted to the usual segment 16 and have their head-ends normally resting upon a type-bar-rest 17. Each type-bar has pivotally connected to it a rearwardly-extending coupler 18 whose rear end rests upon a coupler-rest 19 consist .ing of a bar extending across the machine and curved to correspond with the curvature of the segment 16, a coil-spring 20 being employed to normally hold the type-bar with its head against rest 17 and its coupler against the upper face of said coupler-rest 19. The rear edge of the coupler-rest 19 is provided with a series of spaced notches forming a multiplicity of rearwardly-extendin fingers 21 between which are adapted to slide the'upper ends of a series of rods or bars 22 arranged in a. row across the machine, one rod being provided for. each of the key-levers 23, its lower end being pivoted at 24 to its associated key-lever and a light coil-sprin 25 being employed to pull the upper en of the rod 22 forwardly against the body of the coupler-rest 19, this spring 25 serving also to normally hold down rod 22.

The rear end of each coupler 18 is provided with a hook 26 which extends downwardly and rearwardly and has its lower end resting upon the coupler-rest 19 immediately above the upper end of one of the rods 22 so that when said rod is raised by the key, it will lift the coupler a limited distance. The couplers are guided in their up-anddown movement by means of a series of fingers 27 extending upwardly from the front edge of the coupler-rest 19.

The couplers 18 as well as their guidefingers 27ers, of course, radially arranged to correspond with the radial paths of movement of the type-bars. Each coupler is proand this flange 32 being pivotally connected 40 by means 0 by a horizontal link 33 to the depending end of a latch-lever 34 arranged near the rear wall of the machine and adapted to be normally swung forwardly by means of a spring 35.

Arranged above the universal release-bar 29 is a similarly-curved universal type-baractuator-bar 36 which is suspended by means of a depending link arrangement composed in part of two pairs of parallel depending arms 38. Pivotally'connected to the rear pair of the arms 38 are the rear ends of a pair of arms 37 projecting rearwardly-from the actuator-bar 36; and pivotally connected .to the forward pair of arms are the forward ends of arms 37' projecting forwardly from the actuator-bar. F or low cost of manufac ture, the bar 36 and its connected arms are desirably constructed of a single piece of sheet-metal cut and stamped to shape. The front pair of arms 38 is affixed to a sheetmetal rock-shaft 39 'ournaled by pivotscrews in the aforesaid frame-bars 31, and the rear pair is pivotally hung on a cylindrical rock-shaft 40 likewise journaled in said bars 31.. The type-bar-actuator thus constructed is normally pressed forwardly toward the couplers l8iby means of a double coil-spring 41 which surrounds a sleeve 42 mounted on and adapted to turn with shaft 40, this sleeve and shaft being locked together by a radial pin 43, the ends of said sleeve 42 serving to properly confine the upper ends of the arms 38 loosely against the adjacent sides of the frame-bars 31. The opposite ends of this double spring 41 are extended downwardl at 44 and arran ed to bear upon the rear aces of lugs on t e respective arms 38 so that the normal tendency of the spring is to swing said arms 38 forwardly. The 5 ring is fastened to the shaft f the aforesaid pin 43, which pin extends through a loop 45 formed in the spring midwa its length, said loop being hooked over t e radially-projecting end of said pin and being held against the pin by the tension of the spring. This manner of connecting the spring to the shaft 40 converts the spring virtually into two springs which, altho independent in a sense, are at the same'time 0 equal power, so that the with a radial arm 49 which lies in the path of the lower end of the latch-lever 34, so that when said shaft 48 is rotated over backwardly the outer end of said arm 49 will be caughtby a spring-held latch-lug 49' car ried by said latch-lever. Adjacent to and in alinement wit-h the aforesaid shaft 48 is another, independent shaft 50 which is adapted to be continuously driven by means of a pulley 51 belted to a continuously running motor 52, said shaft50 being provided with a pull-back ratchet-wheel 53 which is positioned close to the radial arm 49 on the shaft 48. Aflixed to the frame of the machine is a cam- 54 which extends forwardly and curves under the ratchet-wheel 53. A pawl 55 is pivotally mounted on the radial arm 49 in the path of the ratchetwheel 53, a spring 56 being provided to normally throw this pawl into engagement with I the ratchet-wheel, said pawl being provided .with .a heel projection 57 which is adapted to come in contact with the inner curved edge of the cam 54 to withdraw the pawl from the ratchet-wheel just prior to the engagement of the radial arm 49 with the latch-lever. This mechanism is substantially the same as employed in my aforesaid patent, the operation being briefly as follows:

VVhile the machine is in use, the ratchetwheel 53 is maintained in continuous rotation over backwardly. Normally, the outer end of pawl-carryingarm 49 is held against rotation under the force of the s ring 41 by means of the latch 34. \Vhen this arm 49 41 quickly throws the type-bar-actuator for-' wardly and this actuatorstrikes the selected coupler andthus throws-thetype-bar to the platen. The cam 54 holds the hook-pawl 55 out of engagement with the spinning ratchet wheel 53 until the heel 57 of the pawlrides off the forward end of the cam, by which time the actuator has about completed its forward stroke. When the pawl is thus re leased from the cam, its spring 56 forces it quickly intoengagement with the ratchetwhel, whereupon thev type-bar-actuatorframe is quickly pulled back. As the piv otal pointbetween crank 47 and link 46 passes below center, the heel of the pawl impinges against the rear end of the cam and lthe one disclosed in my aforesaid patent for thus pulling back,i. e.,- cocking, the typebar-actuator is that in the present mechanism the pawl-carrying arm 49 and the crank 47 are mounted on an independent shaft 48, this shaft 48 being alined with the main driving-shaft 50. This construction provides' a more substantial bearing for the crank-arms 49 and 4:7 and relieves the parts entirely of wear until they are brought into action by akBYbUhId operation. 3

To avoid rebounding of the type-bars after they settleto normal position after an operation, I provide the coupler-rest19.

' with a rearwardly-facing shoulder 59 immediately in front of the line on which the hooked ends of the couplers come to rest,

' said rear ends of the couplers resting normally on the coupler-rest. When the couplers come to rest. their shouldered ends drop down behind this shoulder 59 and the couplers are thus prevented from rebounding forwardly when the type-bar-head strikes the rest 17. Desirably, the face of the shoulder 59 is inclined upwardly and rearwardly slightly, and the engaging face of the coupler hook is similarly inclined sofas to thereby cause the shoulder not only'to act as a stop for the coupler, but to also act as a hook to hold; it down on therestin exact position for a subsequent operation.

This rebound device is'especially important where a type-bar is operated a second time immediately. as in 'suchcases it is of course imperative that the coupler shall come to rest in exact position immediately. Itfwill be obvious that all the couplers must be 'in exactly the same position relatively to the actuator in order that. a uniform printing I operation shall be obtained; this antirebound device insures this. The particular advantage of the specific constructionemployed is that the coupler is brought to rest in its proper position in an exceedingly brief space of time, this quickness being so great that the potentfiil speed of the machine'is always ahead bf the possible" speed, ofgthe operator.' In actual practice, the actuation of the type-bar to printing position and the reciprocation of the parts to normal has been found to be so quickly done with the vmechanism disclosed thatit has been impossible to manually manipulate a single key fast enough to interfere with the restoration of the type-bars and couplers to exact normal position. I H

f It will be observed that the link ,fi f'and the crank 47 not only serve as a positive means for retracting the actuator, but also release-bar in the serve as a positive means for limiting the extent of the working-stroke of the actuator, thereby insuring an exact predetermined forward throw of the actuator. It will be observed that the proportions of the parts arepractically unobtainable in a manually-operated machine. This arrested movement of the type-bar-actuator is shown in Figrl3, in which figure the dotted lines show the position of the type-bar and its coupler at the instant the actuator is arrested. From this point, the type-bar moves to the platen by momentum. This oint of arrestment may be, of course, varied; in practice I have found that the type may be carried to a point very close to the platen before being released, it being simply essential that the arrestment shall take place before the type comes in contact with the platen. The instant the coupler is released from the actuator, its spring 20 begins to swing it down wardly toward the upper surface of the coupler-rest 19, as shown in full lines in ,Fig. 13, so that during the time the typebar is returning to rest the coupler is sliding rearwardly on the upper face of the able length. This upstanding-bail construc-' tion' was objectionable because the upturned ends of the release-bar had to move a greater distance rearwardly to release the'latch than the middle portion of the release-bar. The

present construction was devised to. avoid this, as it is obviously desirable that at whatever point throughout the length of the re-' lease bar the cpupler engages it, it should be actuated a unlfonn distance so as to bring.

about a disengagement of the latch at exactly the same moment for all the keys and at the same time enable all the couplers to be made 'exactly alike to thereby simplify manufacture and assembly. The universal resent construction is mounted "on de ending links, the forward links being designated by 30 and the rear link being the latch 34: which thus serves in addition to its ,latching function as a suspension link for the release-bar. The links 30 are of substantially the same length as the latch 34, so as to thereby insure an easy back-and-forth swing of the release-bar by eliminating all binding action at the several pivotal points. There will, of course, be a slight up-and-down movement of the releasebar durlng its reciprocating movement, but this will be so slight as to be negligible, since as a matter of fact even the fore-and-aft bodily movement of the release-bar is exceedingly slight, it being unnecessary in practice to shift more than an eighth of an inch or so.

In a machine of this type, namely, where the operation of the keys is a rather delicate matter, in that it consists merely in lightlydepressing the key-levers, and the printing is so very quickly done by the spring-actuated mechanism, it--is"'desirable that some means he provided to stop the machine in those instances where two or more keys are accidentally operated simultaneously. My construction lends itself nicely to accomplishing thispurpose. I have discovered that this may be done by making the actuator-spring 41 strong enough to actuate but one type-bar and not strong enough to actuate two type-bars against the pull exerted by their return springs 20. When a spring of that strength is provided and two couplers are shifted into position at the same time, the actuator-bar strikes both couplers and moves both type-bars part way to the platen, that is, to a point where the actuatorspring 41 is balanced by the combined force of the two or more return springs 20 (as shown in Fig. 15), and the actuator stops at that point, so that further operation of the machine is impossible until the suspended type-bars are released from the actuator, which may be done by simply swinging one or both the type-bars toward the platen to release their couplers from the actuator, whereupon the actuator will idly complete its stroke and then be returned to cocked position and the released type-bars may be allowed to gravitate to rest, position. In this way, the machine is virtually locked against further operation, since any operation of the keys will obviously be idle operations. As a matter of fact, the keys cannot be operated except through a small part of their stroke, since when the actuator comes to the balanced-position just described, it will be immediately over the couplers that are at rest, so that if any attempt is made to raise them into actuatingposition they will strike against the underside of the actuatorbar. In this way, I avoid a very serious objection to the use of power mechanism for doing the work of printing, since in this type of machine it is a prime object to re lieve to the fullest extent the work of the operator in manipulating the keys, thereby rendering it essential that the key-levers to the )laten and not strong enough to drive more t an one. But at the same time it is desirable to vary the power of the actuatorspring within this limit, in order that the type blow against the platen may be in creased where it is desired to make more than the normal number of carbon copies or to do stenciling work. I accomplish this in a simple way by mounting the springsupporting-shaft40 rotatively and providing means whereb this shaft may be rotated over rearwar ly to increasethe tension of the spring 41 or over forwardly to decrease the tension thereof. I aflix to the shaft 40 at one end a worm-gear 60 and I mesh with this gear a worm 61 mounted on the shaft 62 journaled in the frame of the machine in a position to bring its milled operating-wheel 63 within convenient reach of the operator. It will be obvious that by rotating the worm 61, the spring may be tensioned to the desired degree. A. feature of importance in, this adjusting device is that it is self-locking, thereby avoiding the necessity of employing extraneous locking devices. In View of the necessityof avoiding tensioning th spring beyond a predetermined maximum tension, it is important thata stop-device be provided for this tensioming mechanism. I prefer'employing a spring-clip 64 which may be readily at tached to the teeth of the worn'i-gear 60 by simply springingit over the teeth in such position as to strike against the thread of the worm 61 when the maximum tension is obtained to thus prevent the tensioningshaft being further rotated. The idea of will be especially useful in adjusting the machine for makingcarbon copies.

I prefer attaching the pull-back link 46 to the actuator through the medium of a slightly resilient bar-62' depending from the upper edge of the frame-plate of the acemploying this detachable clip is to enable 1 tuator about midway the length thereof.

The forward end of the pullsback link is pivotally connected to this bar near its lower end, the link passing through a hole in the frame-plate. A setscrew 63 is tapped through the plate in a position to abut the rear'edge of the bar 62, a lock-nut 64 being employed 'to hold the adjustment. By

force of the return spring so.

screwing the set-screw forwardly (the pull back link 16 being unyielding), the her 62' will bend slightly and permit the actuatorbar 36 to new rearwardly; in this way the position or the actuator-bar withrespect to the couplers 18 may be nicely adjusted to give the desired impact to the type-bars. This resilient finger or her 62' is desirably formed of .sheetFmetal, integral with the actuator-bar and the arms 37, 37.

With regard to the stop or abutment 49' on the latch-lever 34:, it will be observed (Fig. 9) that ,it is normally pulled up by a retractile spring and is limited in its upand-down movements hy lugs 66. "With this device, the noise and vibration due 'to the sudden engagement of the stop-arm e9 strilo ing said abutment &9 is dissipated, thus contributing to the noiseless running the machine.

i prefer connecting the couplers 18 to the heel of the type-bar in the special manner shown principally in Fig. 18. Each coupler is formed of sheet-metal with an integral side-plate 67 at one endconnected to the coupler-hody at the nnderedges thereof hyv a pair of integral cross-bars 68 and also by apivot 69 for engagement with the type-bar. The space between the body of the coupler and the type-bar is sndicient to receive the heel-end of the type-bar. vin this way, it provide a strong and durable connection which he manufactured at a low cost. The rear one of the integral cross-oars serves as a convenient attaching point for retracting spring 20.

ln order to insure the selector-rods 22 rernaining in their slots between the guideears or lugs 27, I close the open ends of the slots by a curved har l0 t astened at its ends to the curved plate carrying said in addition to anchoring its ends, this may.

he secured atone or more points in its length I lay having one or more or the lugs 7 extended (as at ?1, Fig. 8) and engaged in holes in the bar. It is desirable also that eachselector-rod 22 shall he provided at its upper end with a head or lateral lug 72 to prevent withdrawal from the slot hy the After the type-her leaves the actuator and is on theway to the platen, it is desirable to slightly steady and cushion its action and also get a sharp return movement. to accomplish this, I arrange a tear-spring '73 in the path of a heel-lug M on the type-bar, the arrangement being such that just before the type reaches the platen the heel will engage under the spring and ties: its free end upwardly far enough to permit the type to print with the desired impact. 'ihese springs 73 are each desirably formed or a plurality of superposed leaves stepped as to length and fastened to the under-side of the type-hardest. 'lhese springs 78 are of course arranged in an arc corresponding to the typehar-segment, and they are clamped between curved plates 76 secured to the type-bar-rest. With these springs, a qnicl-r initial return movement is insured, the action of the main return-springs 20 being thereby greatly assisted in returning the typehars to rest.

has heen found desirable to vary the touch-resistance oi the hey levers 23 in order adjusting this her 78, i provide the same at ends with a pair of laterally-resilient arms Wpivotaily mounted at 8001s a frameher 81, the forward ends or these arms provided with depending arms 82 along their inner vertical edges to the adjacent edge of a stationary plate 83 on the trains of the machine. springing the arms '79 outwardly and or lowering them, the tension on all the springs 25 may he simuitaneousiy varied. The Sawtoothed edges or the arms 82 engaging plate 83 serve to lock the arms in the r.d jnsted "positi i. The lower ends of the lock- 82 are provided with tehs 8% for convenience of manipulation. The nlate 83 serves as a cover for the fillCYllHi-TOHS oi the hey-levem rear edge of plgte 83 serves as a convenient ahutinent for the retnrn springs 85 of the hey-levers. The noent of the springs 25 does not the stroke of the ke levers, they heing arrested hy a stop-her pler 18 (as shownin Figs. re and 1?) with 4 tail-finger 86 which is long enough to prevent the conpter assing ofi tinston-end of the selector-her w en is projected orhy the actuator-her With this device, the return of coupler its spring 20 will cause its earn edge :28 to again strike the release-her 29 and push the some rearwardly and thereby innnediotely cause another operation'ot the type-hanoctuator;

and this action will he repented es long'as the corresponding hey is held depressed. in this connection, it will understood that lo-store the pa-bar and coupler return to rest position,hoth the type-har-actnator and the release-her have heen' reset in the ith certain characters such as the w No. 339,017, filed Nov. 19,1919, which applications will be subordinated to this application.

I claim:

1. In a typewriting machine, a series of type-carriers, an actuator common to all the type-carriers, a spring for actuating the actuator in its working stroke, a motor for retractin the actuator and restoring the power 0 said spring, and key-actuated selecting devices, said spring being strong.

enough to overcome the resistance ofi'er'ed by one of the type-carriers but not strong enough to overcome the resistance'odered by more than one, whereby upon operation of more than one of the selectors the actuator will be prevented from completely operating either type-carrier sufficiently to cause a printing action.

2. In a typewriting machine, a poweractuated type-bar actuator, type-bars having pivotally-connected push-couplers extending. rearwardly and each provided with a depending part having a forwardly-facing shoulder, and a rest for the couplers having a rearwardly-tacingshoulder adapted to be engaged by said forwardly-facing shoulder to arrest rebound action after each printing operation.

3. In a typewriting machine, a poweractuated type-bar actuator, type-bars having pivotally-connected push couplers extending rearwardly and each provided with a depending part having a forwardly-facing shoulder, and a rest forthe couplers having a rearwardly-facing shoulder adapted to be engaged by said forwardly-facing shoulder to arrest rebound action after each printing operation, the shoulder on said rest belng undercut and the cooperating shoulders on the push-couplers being similarly undercut to ensure engagement.

4. In a typewriting machine, a spring driven type-carrier actuator embodying a curved universal actuator-bar, a continuously-running motor mechanism for re-v tractlng sald actuator against the action of its spring embodying a pull-back link pivotally connected to said actuator, means being provided for adjusting the curved universal actuator-bar fore and aft with respect to the type-bars without varying the stroke of the pull-back link.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of pivoted, swinging type-bars and individual springs for returning them to normal at-rest position, a universal actuator-bar and a spring for imparting to said bar its working-stroke to awns thereby move the type-bars to the platen against the action of their said returnsprings, said actuator-spring being strong enough to overcome one of the type-bar-actuatorsprings but not stron enough to overcome more than one, so t at operation of the type-bars will be prevented in case two or more type-bars are engaged by the actuator-bar at one time.

6. In. a 'typewriting machine, powerdriven type-carriers, said .type carriers being arranged to be disconnected from the power means and normally and freely return to rest position after each actuation,

and means for preventing rebound of the freed type-carriers. v

7. In a I typewriting machine, powerdriven type-carriers, said type-carriers being, arranged to normally return to rest position after each. actuation, and means for preventing rebound of the type-carriers, said means embodying a stop-shoulder common to all of these type-carriers.

8. In a typewriting machine, upwardlyswinging type-carriers each provided with a push-coupler and "a spring for returning the type-bar and coupler to normal at-rest position, "a power-driven actuator for engaging the, selected couplers, and a rebound preventin device adapted to engage the couplers each time the couplers return to normal, to thereby insure immediate positioning of the couplers.

9. In a typewriting machine, a powerdriven actuator for operating a mechanism incident to the functionin of the machine as a typewriting machine, adatch to hold the same out of action, and a release mechanism for this latch embodying a curved universal release-bar and links for suspending saidbar.

10. In a typewriting machine, a powerdriven actuator for operating a mechanism incident to the functioning of the mach ne as a typewriting machine, a latch to hold the same out of action, and a release mechanism for this latch embodying a universal release-bar and links pivotally suspending said bars in operative position, one of said links constituting a part of the latching mechanism.

11. In a typewriting machine, a type-bar basket, each of the type-bars being provided with a rearwardly -extending coupler, a curved rest for the couplers, and guides for the couplers consisting of a series of upstanding fingers carried by said rest.

12. In a typewriting machine, a springactuated .typ ,-bar-actuator and a motordriven means for retracting it against the action of its spring, said means embodying actuated by said actuator and to move to the printing point under momentum after said actuator is arrested.

13. In a typewriting machine, a type basket each of whose type-bars is associated with a coupler, a curved ty char-actuatingbar common to all the coup ers, a spring for imparting a working-stroketo said typebar-actuator, motor-driven means for retracting the actuator against the action of said springto thus put the spring under release-bar and means for supporting the same consisting of'depending parallel links, for the purpose set forth.

15. lln a "typewriting machine, a univer sal actuato for actuating the type-carriers, a spring for imparting a working-stroke to said actuator, a shaft around which said spring is coiled, one end, of the spring being attached to the shaft and the other end being connected to the actuator, and means for varying the tension of said springby rotating said shaft,

16. in a typewriting machine, auniven sal actuator for actuating the type-bars, a spring for imparting the working-stroke to said actuator, and means for varying the tension of said spring, said means embodying sell-docking gearing;

17. in a typewriting machine, a waiver sal actuator for actuating the type-bars, a spring for imparting the worltingstrolte to said actuator, and means for varying the tension of said spring. said means embodying self-locking gearing", said means also embodying an adjustable tension-arresting device.

18. In a typewriting machine, a springactuated actuator for actuating one of the mechanisms of the machine, a pull-hack mechanism operated by a motor-driven shaft in continuous operation and embodying an independent shaft arranged in alinement with the motor-driven shaft and being pen manently coupled to said actuator, mechanism heing'provided for temporarily con necting it'to said motor-driven shaft during," the operation of the pull-leach mechanism.

19, In a typewriting machine, a spring actuated actuator adapted to operate one of the mechanisms of the machine, a motor-= driven pull-back mechanism embodying a continuously-running shaft carrying a ratchet-wheel, 'and an independent shaft connected to the actuator and carrying means adapted for engagement with the ratchet-wheel while the pull-hack mecha nism is in action,

20. in a typewriting machine, the combination ot'type-bars, a universal type-baractuator, key-operated selecting devices for operatively connecting the type-bars with the actuator, spring; means tending to normally impart a working-stroke to said actu-- a-t'or, means for locking the actuator in re-- the actuator, spring means tending to nor-' molly impart a wor g-strolre to said actuthe actuator in rea typedoar with "the actuator the a""'i.ator, power mechanism the actuator and. storing power insaio spring means, in cans for automatically putting said retracting mechanism into operation before a type-bar connected with the actuator reaches the print. ing point and after suflicient niomentum has been imparted to the type-bar to carry it to the printing point, and individual springs for restoring the type-bars to normai posi tion, said individual springs having sufficient tension to stall the actuator before it reaches the end of its working-stroke when more than one type-bar at a time is connected with the actuator to thereby prevent a printing-stroirev of either connected type-bar, i

In a typewriting machine, the coinhh. nation of type-bars, rebound means for normally 7 locking the type-hare against movement in ,printing direction in their at rest position, a universal type-har-actuatorn hey-operated selecting devices for. releasino the type-bars operativ'ely connectin them with said actuator, and power-operated mechanism controlled. by said selecting den vices for causing single working and re turn stroke of said actuator.

in a typewriting machine, the combination of type-hers. rebound vmeans for normally locking the type-hers against 0 M 1 I v ion, controlied hy the act movement in printing direction in their atrest position, a universal type-har-actuator,

key-operated selecting devices for releasing the type-bars and operatively connecting them with said actuator, spring means tending to normally impart a working-stroke to I matically throwing said retracting mechaparted to the type-bar to carry itto the nism into action before a type-bar connected with the actuator reaches the printing point 'and after suificient momentum has been im-;

printing point.

24;. In a typewriting machine, the combination of type-carriers, a universal typecarrierractuator-bar, spring operated mechanism for imparting a working-stroke to said actuator-bar of sufficient power to move only one type-carrier to the printing point at one operation of the actuator, means for locking the actuator in retracted position against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, shiftable couplers connected with the type-bars and tree from said actuator, key-operated 'selectin devices v for shifting said couplers into t e path of the actuator, means controlled by the operation of either of said selecting devices for releasing the actuator, and power-operated mechanism for retracting the actuator against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism.

25. In a typewriting machine, the combination of type-carriers, a universal typecarrier-actuator,spring-gperated mechanism for imparting a working strolre to said actuator of sufficient' power to move only one type-carrier to the printing point at one operation of the actuator, means "for locking the actuator in retracted position against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism,

shiitable couplers connected with the type-. bars and free fromrsaid actuator, hey-operated selecting devices for shitting said coupiers into the path of the actuator, means controlled by the operation of either of said selecting devices for releasing the actuator, power-operated mechanism for retracting the actuator against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, said retracting mechanism losing constructed so as to limit the extent of the working-stroke of the actuator to less than that sutficient to maintain the actuator and couplers in engagement until the type-carrier reaches the printing point.

26. in a typewriting machine, the combination of type-carriers, a universal ty ecarrier-actuator, spring-operated mach nlsm for imparting a working-stroke to said Leeann actuator of ,suficient power to move only one type-carrier to the printing point at one operation of the actuator, means for locking the actuator in retracted position against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, 'sliiftabl'e-"couplers connected with the typebars and free from said actuator, key-open ated selecting devices for shifting said cou plers into the path of the actuator, means controlledvby the operation of either of said selecting devices for releasing the actuator, power-operated mechanism for retracting the actuator against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, and means for throwing said retracting mechanism into action before the type-carriers reach printing position to relieve the pressure of the actuator on the couplers and type-carriers.

27; In a typewriting machine, the combination of type-carriers, a universal typecarrier-actuator, spring-operated mechanism for impartin a working-stroke to said actuator of suficient power to move only one type-carrier to the printing point at one operation of the actuator, means for locking the actuator in retractedposition against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, shiftable couplers connected with the typebars and free from said actuator, key-operated selecting devices for shifting said couplers into the pathpt the actuator, means controlled by the operation of either of said selecting devices for releasing the actuator, power-operated mechanism for retracting the actuator against the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, means for vary- 4 mg the tension of said spring-operated mechanism, and means cooperating with said'tension-varying means for limiting the maximum degree of tension to less than that suiiicient to permit movement of two or more type-carriers to printing position at one operation of the actuator.

28. In a typewriting machine, a powerdriven type-actuator, a key-actuated release mechanism therefor, and means whereby the holding of the key depressed will automatically cause repeated actions of the release mechanism to thereby cause repeated print-- ing of the same character.

29. In a tewriting machine, a springdriven type-ar-actuator, means for retracting and latching it, key-actuated releasing means, vand devices whereby by holding down the key the return of the type-bar toward rest position will actuate said release mechanism to thereby cause-a repeat action of the same type-liar.

30. In a typewriting machine, a springdriven. type-'bar-actuator, means for retracting and latching it, he actuated releasing means, and devices w ereb down the key the return oil t e type-her tome by holding ward rest position will actuate said release the hey hectare mechanism to thereby cause a repeat action ot the same type-bar, said devices embody ring a member attached to the type-bar and ade ted to engage a member of the release mec anisrn. I

33. in a typewriting machine, a springdriven type-bar actuator, means for retracting and latching it, key-actuated releasing means, and devices whereby by holding down the key the return of the type-bar to ward rest position will actuate said release mechanism to thereby cause a repeat action of the same type-bar, said devices embodying a member pivotally connected to the type-bar and adapted to be held by the key means in the path of the trip-member of the reieasing mechanism.-

32. "in a typewriting machine a springdriven type-bar-actuator, means for retracting and iatching it, key-actuated releasing means, and devices whereby by holding down the key the return of thetype-bar to- Ward rest position will actuate said release mechanism to thereby cause a repeat action of the same type-bar, said devices embodying a rush-coupler connected to the typebar an having a tail piece adapted to he engaged and held up in operative position by a member of the key means as long as is held depressed.

33(111 a ty actuated typear-actnator power means for restoring it after each action, a latching means, key controiied vertically movable bars for actuating the latching mechanism, type-bars each carrying a pivoted rearwardly-entending push-coupler having a camedge for actuatin and also a rearwar iy-extending tailvlu for engagement with the top-end of one 'ot the aforesaid bars, and spring normally tending to return the type-bars and hold the taiilugs and the couplers on the top-ends of said bars, for the purpose setforth.

3%. in a typewriti machine, a power-- driven actuator emhoying a bar for actuating the tyne-hars,motor-driven Fositive mechanism for retracting it emho ying pullback-link, means connecting the link to the actuator-her, said connectin means being adjustable in order to vary t e position of: the actuator-bar with respect to the type-barflvithoutfvarying the throw of the pull-hacit link.

35. a typewriting machine, a powertlriven actuator embodying a bar for actuating the ty e-hars, motor-driven os tive mechanism or retracting it embo yinv a pullback-link, means-connecting the link to the actuator-bar, said connecti 4 means being ad'ustable in order to vary t eiposition of t e actuator-bar "with respect to the te-har without varying the throw of the P v a back-link, said connecti means being resilient.

ewriting machine, a springthe release mechanism 36. in a typewritingmachine, a power driven actuator embodying a bar for actu ating the type-bars, motor-driven positive mechanism for retracting it embodying puil-bactr-iinh, means connecting the limit to the actuator-bar, said connecting means being adjustable inorder to vary the position of the actuator-bar with respect to the type-bar without varying the throw oi the structure, a pivot connecting the puii-hack link to the side of said member, a setscrew mounted on the curved bar structure and having its forward end abutting the rear edge of the depending member at a point heiovv said pivot,

38. In a typewrit'ng machine, a powerdriven type-banactuating" means ernhodying two pairs of depending oscillatable arms and an actuator-bar structure pivotally supported thereon and embodying a curved bar and two pairs or oppositely extending integral arms pivotaily connected to the respective pairs of said arms.

39. In a typewriting machine, a spr1ngactuated type-bar-actuator, a motor-driven retracting mechanism embodying a stop arm, a latch carrying a spring-actuated stop-lug to receive the impact of said stoparm, and key-actuated means for releasing said latch.

40. in a typewriting machine, a springactuated type-carrier-actuator and means for 1 tensioning said spring embodying? a worm and a near, and a stop-clip adapted to he remove iy clasped upon any pturahty of adjacent teeth of said gear to thereby vary the maximum tension.

H. in a typewriting machine, power means for throwing the type-bars to the platen with a flying action, and (spring means for engaging the type-bars as they approach the platen to thus cushion the blow and insure a quick return of the typebars, said s ring. means consisting of a series of lea -sprmgs carried by the typebar-rest.

42, In a typewriting machine, power means for throwing-the type-bars to the platen with a flying action, and spring means for engaging the type-hare as they approach the platen to thus cushion the More ice 'each'of the t pe-bars and insure a quick return of the type-bars, said spring means consisting of a series-of leaf-springs carried bg the type-bar-rest, ing provided with a heel-lug a apted to engage under said leaf-springs. V v

43. In a typewriting machine, a springactuated type-carrier-actuator, means for retracting and latching it, release means,

and key-actuated devices for actuating the release means embodying return-springs and devices for simultaneously varying thetension of said springs to thereby vary the touch-resistance of the keys without varying the stroke of the keys, said devices embodying a transverse bar connected to all the springs, resilient pivoted arms connected to the bar and carrying toothed latch-arms,

and means for engaging the teeth of said arms to hold them in their ad'usted position.

44. In a typewriting mac me, a' springactuated type-bar-actuator, means for retractin it, a releasing means, key-actuated vertica .rods for actuating the releasing means,-type-bars and couplers, and means for guiding the upper .ends of said rods consistin of a curved series of serrated rearward y-extending fingers mounted on the frame, and a curved bar removably fastened to the rear ends of said fingers to close'the guide-slots between the fin er's.

In testimony whereof I ereunto aflix my signature.

' MANSFIELD C. 

